Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) exhibit intriguing luminescent properties, rendering them valuable assets in diverse fields such as bioimaging, sensing, and therapeutics. Despite this, the potential toxicological consequences of UCNPs necessitate thorough investigation to ensure their safe application. This review aims to present a detailed anal

Photocatalysis offers a sustainable approach to addressing/tackling/mitigating environmental challenges through the utilization/employment/implementation of semiconductor materials. However, conventional photocatalysts often suffer from limited efficiency due to factors such as/issues including/hindrances like rapid charge recombination and low lig